The primary outcome measure was selfreported degree of assertiveness, as measured on the rathus assertiveness schedule ras, which is the most frequently used scale for measuring assertiveness and the effects of assertiveness training. Blanchard state university of new york at albany rathus 1973 has recently described a selfreport scale for measuring assertive behavior, the rathus assertiveness schedule ras. The ras is a thirty item schedule that was developed for measuring assertiveness. The adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaa s is composed of 19 scenarios that depict everyday interpersonal situations in which one might assert oneself. In the first study, 94 fifth graders answered to the original asc, the social desirability scale for children sdsc, and the agreeableness scale of the motoakiguilford personality test ag. Social skills questionnairei ssqi and the rathus assertiveness inventory ras. An assertiveness scale for adolescents, journal of. The rathus assertiveness scale rathus, 1973 is a 30item measure of assertiveness in social situations. Technical report overview what this questionnaire measures. Scale, adaptability scale, stress management scale and general mood scale.
Undergraduate research journal for the human sciences. Ravens progressive matrices standard, advanced, and coloured. For the same great content, just a little more uptodate, take a look at assert yourself, starring kris marshall. Measuring dimensions of objective effectiveness and pragmatic politeness takashi mitamura1, ritsumeikan university abstract. A subjects total rathus assertiveness schedule score, his total college selfexpression scale score, and his score on items which purported to measure ability to respond appropriately in situations requiring positively assertive responses were poor predictors of ability to perform in realistic situations. One way to gain insight into how assertive you are is to take the following selfreport test of assertive behavior. Measures of assertiveness that existed at the time were considered outdated. The purpose of the present study was to develop a measure for functional assertiveness, the functional assertiveness scale fas. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to ras rathus assertiveness schedule. Assertiveness, nonassertiveness, and assertive techniques. Emmons the following questions will be helpful in assessing your assertiveness. The purpose of this study was to construct the assertiveness scale for children asc.
This instrument includes 30 items, 16 reversed to avoid response bias, and employs a sixpoint likerttype response format. The rathus assertiveness schedule, developed by dr. When people with different thoughts and sensibilities are put in some situation, they exhibit behavior that vary from one to another. This research was an attempt to determine the usefullness of the rathus assertiveness schedule with preadolescent and early adolescent students.
Previously it has been used with outpatients, institutionalized adults, or with college students. The srassf reduces response burden, while maintaining reliability and validity. Assertiveness scale sas was developed to measure initiation of wanted sexual experience, refusal of unwanted sexual experience, and prevention of pregnancystds with a regular partner. Influence of emotional intelligence and assertiveness on prosocial behaviours abstract empirically explored in the study were emotional intelligence and assertiveness on pro social behaviour. Influence of emotional intelligence and assertiveness on. The ras provides a score and a percentile for interpretation. The purpose of this study was to develop more specific normative data for the rathus assertiveness schedcule ras. Majority of the adolescents were moderately assertive, 75% and 53. Or, for a microlearning approach, the workplace essentials body language and assertiveness has it covered. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the art of everyday assertiveness.
The 19item simple rathus assertiveness scaleshort form srassf had acceptable reliability. Pdf adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaas. Developing a short form of the simple rathus assertiveness. The ras consists of 30 items including 16 inverted items with a 7point likert scale scored from.
The sas was designed to measure sexual assertiveness specifically in. Valid questionnaires and scales were used in the present. Items measure high assertiveness, such as i am open and frank about my feelings, and low assertiveness, such as i often have a hard time saying no. Assertiveness is one of the subscales of intrapersonal dimension. In the context of education, assertiveness may be defined as the ability to express ones beliefs, wants, or feelings in a selfassured and direct manner. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Indicate how characteristic or descriptive each of the following statements is of you by using the code given below. The rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness. Knowing how to express your thoughts and needs and defending your rights can boost your relationship with others and improve your selfesteem. It is also an instrument for measuring behavioural change in assertion training. Table11 the original program text written in japanese is presented as an additional file 1. Standardization of the rathus assertiveness schedule.
The primary outcome was the rathus assertiveness schedule ras, with secondary. Drawing the line between aggressiveness and assertiveness is always a difficult proposition, whether youre managing a team or trying to advance in your career. Development and evaluation of a modified brief assertiveness. A note on the clinical utility of the rathus assertiveness. Influence of emotional intelligence and assertiveness on prosocial behaviours with abstract, chapter 15, references and questionnaire. Assertiveness scale verbal behaviors slower pace of speech faster less quantity of speech more quieter volume of speech louder nonverbal behaviors relaxed use of hands directive lean back body posture lean forward less direct eye contact more responsiveness scale verbal behaviors more controlling monotone task facts data emotion subjects form of. How john asserts himself and in which situations are important things to consider when you look at his assertiveness score. If anyone has access toever used the official tis6 questions, or could point me in the right direction, i would be very grateful.
The rathus assertiveness schedule exploring your mind. How to be assertiv not aggressive psychology today. It involves standing up for yourself in a way that encourages conversation rather than defensiveness. A 30item schedule for measuring assertiveness is presented. Ars r2 assertiveness rating scale 2nd revision sample report report for.
The rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The assertiveness selfreport inventory scale was used to measure assertiveness and the fear of negative evaluation scale was used to measure social anxiety. Rathus assertiveness schedule and rosenberg selfesteem scale were used to assess the assertiveness and selfesteem in adolescents. Every paper citing the roodt 2004 paper mentions the tis6 but. Each of these responses is assigned 1 point and the scores are summed, producing an overall assertiveness score that can range from 0 to 33 higher scores reflect greater assertiveness.
Pdf diminished assertiveness has been associated with neuroticism. All you have to do is draw a circle around the number that describes you best. This study developed a situationspecific instrument that measures assertiveness of adolescents. The reliability and validity and an item analysis of the resultant in strument, the rathus assertiveness schedule ras, are. As a social skill, assertiveness is essential for your wellbeing. A 30item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Assertiveness is the ability to express your opinions, feelings, ideas, and needs openly, in a way that is true to who you are and respectful of others. The scheduleis shown to have moderate to high testrestest reliability r. Functional assertiveness is a new concept of assertiveness that represents a method of.
The assertiveness scale for adolescents asa, which contains 33 items, was constructed using a multiplechoice format with three response alternatives. The galassis feel that this liability of many selfreport measures can only be resolved through an increased specification in scale items to include the. Assertiveness formative questionnaire technical report. A is the assertiveness response for item 6 b is assertive for items 1. Based on data from 682 elementary and secondary school students, adequate reliability and validity of the asa were obtained when tested. Rathus assertiveness schedule and college selfexpression. The assertiveness scale for adolescents asa, which contains 33 items, was constructed using a multiple. One hundred and eighty six students 83 males and 103 females of the university of uyo, uyo in akwa ibom state, were used in the study. Behavior therapy 10, 571574 1979 a note on the clinical utility of the rathus assertiveness scale edward b. However, research on violence and mens roles demonstrated that many physical altercations result from poor.
Assertiveness, non assertiveness, and assertive techniques introduction difficulty with being assertive has stereotypically been a challenge ascribed to women. Let us observe four types of people and their different behaviors in those situations. Rationality and antiemotionality scale rae repertory grid technique. For some questions, the assertive end of the scale is at 0, for others at 3. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras, one of the most widely used assessments, is a 30item instrument that uses a sixpoint likert scale to measure characteristics associated with aggressiveness and assertiveness rathus, 1973.
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